There several different types of bed bugs and related creatures. Generally bed bugs are members in the family of insects known as Cimicidae. They live as parasites by sucking the blood from warm blooded hosts. These hosts include birds, bats, rodents, and of course humans. They mainly attack when the host animal is sleeping. In order to have access to the hosts, bed bugs inhabit the nests or homes of their hosts.
While various types of bed bugs have evolved to depend on a particular host animal, most of them, when their preferred host is not available, can attack other types of host animals as well.
The most common type of bed bug is known scientifically as Cimex lectularius. Its primary hosts are humans and is widespread throughout the world and exists in every country and continent where humans live. It however prefers temperate climates. It is also ancient and detailed human records about it go back thousands of years.
Another species of bed bugs is called Cimex hemipterus and found mainly in tropical climates. Its primary hosts are bats and poultry. It also attacks humans. In the United States it is found in the State of Florida. Another species known scientifically as Leptocimex boueti is found in South America and West Africa. It attacks both bats and humans and prefers tropical climates. Cimex pilosellus acts as a parasite mainly to bats, so does the Cimex pipistrella. On the other hand, Haematosiphon inodora attacks mainly poultry in North America.
In addition to the members of Cimicidae family referred above, another related bug named Oeciacus, attacks birds in a similar way.
All of these bed bug types operate in a similar way. They reside close to the hosts' sleeping area and attack the hosts when they are sleeping. They suck small amounts of blood by making a small puncture in the skin. They have glands that secrete salvia, which when injected to the host, will stop blood from congealing and will also act as an anesthetic, thus giving them unimpeded and undisturbed access to the host's blood.
None of these bugs act as disease carriers. Even when dangerous pathogens exits in their bodies, pathogens cannot be transferred the host due to biological reasons.
These bed bugs generally live for about six months but if deprived of food can enter into a dormant state and last about 18 months until food becomes available. When food is available Cimex lectularius feeds every 5 to 10 days.
Females lay between 300-500 eggs during its lifetime. All the species shed skin in the process of growing to maturity. Cimex lectularius grows to maturity in about five weeks.
All of them can be controlled using insecticides. However in order to eliminate them the process has to be planned and be comprehensive. Otherwise re-infestation is quite likely. This is normally the case in less developed parts of the world where crowded homes and situation of poultry and other animals near human homes facilitates re-infestation.
In the developed world there has been a revival of bed bug infestations, probably due to more people engaging in travel now and thus coming into contact with the bugs.
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